In which gallery is the Mona Lisa currently held? [118], There were many who had gone home before reaching Jerusalem, and many who had never left Europe at all. When discussing this period, a common historiographical viewpoint advanced by some scholars is that the Franks of northern France, the Provenals of southern France,[note 1] and the Normans of southern Italy considered themselves separate nations, creating turmoil as each tried to increase its individual status. Tongwancheng was the capital of which ethnic group from ancient China? This was followed later in the year by the Council of Clermont, during which Pope Urban II supported the Byzantine request for military assistance and also urged faithful Christians to undertake an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Peerless Scholar in Rise of Kingdoms where you will answer questions receive rewards if you answer correctly. There were signs of considerable co-operation between Rome and Constantinople in the years immediately before the crusade. [2] [14], The Islamic world also experienced great success since its foundation in the 7th century, with major changes to come. Epistvl et chart ad historiam primi belli sacri spectantes qv svpersvnt vo qvales ac genvin: Gibbon, E., Kaye, J., Scott, W., Caoursin, G. (1870). They also have a boost to AP recovery which can be used to defeat . [5] What age did ancient greece enter after the mycenaean civilization was destroyed? How much will an Enhanced Attack (Advanced) item increase your attack? Alliance of Muslims and Franks in Syria fight Seljuk Sultan Muhammad ibn Malikshah. Which country was England fighting during the Battle of Agincourt? GregoryVII went further in 1074, planning a display of military power to reinforce the principle of papal sovereignty in a holy war supporting Byzantium against the Seljuks, but was unable to build support for this. The First Crusade (10961099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. Hugh of Vermandois arrived first, followed by Godfrey, Raymond, and Bohemond. In Greek mythology, to whom did Paris the prince of troy give golden apple inscribed with to the most beautiful goddess? Hagenmeyer also prepared the Chronologie de la premire croisade 10941100, a day-by-day account of the First Crusade, cross-referenced to original sources, with commentary.[140]. In return for food and supplies, Alexios requested the leaders to swear fealty to him and promise to return to the Byzantine Empire any land recovered from the Turks. Which planet in our solar system rotates the fastest? Starts from Monday to Friday, 0:00 to 23:00 UTC. Who was the first human woman created by Hephaestus in Greek mythology? In Runciman, Steven (1951), A History of the Crusades, Volume One. Which of these is not an ancient civilization of the Americas? In, Blumenthal, Uta-Renate (2006). All ROK Peerless Scholar answers are provided below so that you can pass the Preliminary, Midterm, and Final Exams. 5% XP Gain & Damage vs. Barbarians (none of these answers). Some eventually joined the main armies, although Emicho himself went home. One of the biggest KvK mistakes you can make is not farming individual points effectively. Where was the rallying point for the First Crusade? Shortly thereafter, a group of Norman knights arrived, but Baldwin denied entry to them. [25] There are five versions of the speech recorded by people who may have been at the council (Baldric of Dol, Guibert of Nogent, Robert the Monk, and Fulcher of Chartres) or who went on crusade (Fulcher and the anonymous author of the Gesta Francorum), as well as other versions found in the works of later historians (such as William of Malmesbury and William of Tyre). Which of the following is NOT a suit in poker? Who commanded the New Model Army founded by Parliament during the English Civil War? Baldwin was technically the first Crusader King of Jerusalem, a lineage which was to last (in one form or another) consecutively until 1324. The first biography of Godfrey of Bouillon, Historia et Gesta Ducis Gotfridi seu historia de desidione Terr sanct, was written by anonymous German authors in 1141, relying on the original narratives and later histories, and appears in the RHC. Which of these is a line of Tomoe Gozen? During the event, you teleport to a special RoK Lost Kingdoms map to do battle with the other Kingdoms. In which country was Carlsberg Group, a leading brewer, founded in 1847? Before leading the biggest slave rebellion of Ancient Rome, what was Spartacus? Thomas Asbridge (born 1969) has written The First Crusade: A New History: The Roots of Conflict between Christianity and Islam (2004)[194] and the more expansive The Crusades: The Authoritative History of the War for the Holy Land (2012). In which country was the Somme, the most infamous battlefield in World War I, located? What four words saying did Oda Nobunaga live by? Of the 12 Chinese zodiac animals, which comes first? Which of the following nations is the closest to the North Pole? Who conquered the Kingdom of the Vandals and Alans in the Vandalic War? In which year was the Napoleonic Code established? What can Masonry technology help you to improve? The four biggest musicals in the world are Cats, Les Miserables, Miss Saigon, and? The inner flaps of the leaves secrete a digestive fluid. The Eastern church viewed the pope as only one of the five patriarchs of the Church, alongside the Patriarchates of Alexandria, Antioch, Constantinople and Jerusalem. Rating: 4.3/5 Stars ( 66 reviews) Favourite Games Add to your games. In, Whalen, Brett Edward (2006). Raymond, incensed at this development, attempted to seize the Tower of David before leaving the city. [citation needed], Bibliographies of works on the First Crusade through the 20th century include ones by French medievalist and Byzantinist Ferdinand Chalandon in his Histoire de la Premire Croisade jusqu' l'lection de Godefroi de Bouillon[185] and the Select Bibliography on the Crusades,[186] compiled by Hans E. Mayer and Joyce McLellan. When Tutush was killed in 1095, his sons Ridwan and Duqaq inherited Aleppo and Damascus, respectively, further dividing Syria amongst emirs antagonistic towards each other, as well as Kerbogha, the atabeg of Mosul. Nevertheless, some historians propose that the scale of the massacre has been exaggerated in later medieval sources. As discussed below, his delay played a crucial part in the Crusader victory at Antioch. T'oros of Edessa (d. 1098)". In which year did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin? It was a large, Greek-speaking empire that controlled much of the eastern Mediterranean. 1% Rally Attack & Rally Troop March Speed. Which country did the famous poet Dante Alighieri come from? FAQ These eleven civilizations include Rome, Spain, Japan, and Korea. The history of Jerusalem would record Muslim rule for 40 years, returning finally to Christian control following a series of later Crusades. Which of the following does NOT increase an Alliance membership limit? Meanwhile, the army led by Peter, which marched separately from Walter's army, also fought with the Hungarians, and may have captured Belgrade. However, it has been argued that Urban's subsequent preaching reveals that he expected the expedition to reach Jerusalem all along. Rise of Kingdoms is a rapidly emerging game, featuring eleven different kingdoms, real-time wars between the kingdom, a sizeable unexplored map, and day and night cycles very close to reality. In May 1096, Emicho of Flonheim (sometimes incorrectly known as Emicho of Leiningen) attacked the Jews at Speyer and Worms. In Norse mythology, who does the hammer Mjolnir belong to? Who was the first King of Italy after its unification in 1861? Taef El-Azhari (2006). The three great philosophers of ancient Greece were Plato, Aristotle, and? In ROK, the Cataphract is which civilizations special unit? Which title did Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the International Olympic Committee, hold ? [7], On the Iberian Peninsula there was no significant Christian polity. The cone-shaped winds of tornadoes are notable for doing what? Multiple kingdoms will participate together in this event, and all event ranking lists will be cross-kingdom rankings. because they are more likely to survive and produce Why do frogs and other organisms produce so many eggs/offspring? Which of the following is a nonrenewable energy source (such as coal, oil, or natural gas)? What is the nationality of Pierre de Fermat, who proposed Fermats Last Theorem? (2006). [85] The subsequent Siege of Antioch has been called the "most interesting siege in history. Level 26: now make your way to Rejuvenate in the skill tree. rallying point: [noun] someone or something that makes people join together to support a person, cause, etc. Pick up orange runes around the altar as they give you 15% more action point recovery rate. [32] Some Italian and German crusaders were defeated at Xerigordon at the end of August. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Which part of the human body contains mostly water? [citation needed], Since the 1970s, the Crusades have attracted hundreds of scholars to their study, many of which are identified in the on-line database Historians of the Crusades,[187] part of the Resources for Studying the Crusades created at Queen Mary University of London in 20072008. Which civilization offers increased hospital capacity? Which of the following cat breeds is known for being hairless? Which commander showed their military genius in the Battle of Poitiers in the 8th century AD? Egyptians made paper from which material? In Norse mythology, who wielded the weapon Gungnir? The earth moves directly between the sun and the moon. Alexios was understandably suspicious after his experiences with the People's Crusade, and also because the knights included his old Norman enemy, Bohemond, who had invaded Byzantine territory on numerous occasions with his father and may have even attempted to organize an attack on Constantinople while encamped outside the city. Which ancient Egyptian pharaos tomb did British archaeologist Howard Carter discover in 1992? Which of the following fruits, known as "wolf peach", were erroneously thought to be poisonous? When Achilles refuses to fight, Patroclus puts on Achilles armor, fights the trojans, and dies, who is Patroclus killed by? On 17 June, a party of Genoese mariners under Guglielmo Embriaco arrived at Jaffa, and provided the Crusaders with skilled engineers, and perhaps more critically, supplies of timber (stripped from the ships) to build siege engines. Christianity and Islam had been in conflict since the latter's founding in the 7th century. [112], In August 1099, Fatimid vizier al-Afdal Shahanshah landed a force of 20,000 North Africans at Ascalon. Baldwin took shelter in a tower and convinced his soldiers of his innocence. You can perfectly use it for the Ark of Osiris to capture structures or if you are into killing farmers this build will also work great. Bohemond and Adhemar barred the city gates to prevent mass desertions and managed to hold out. The siege continued, but the crusaders had little success as they found they could not blockade Lake znik, which the city was situated on, and from which it could be provisioned. A lack of fresh fruit and vegetable on long voyages. In what city did it take place? Step 1: Click on your profile icon at the top left corner of the screen. A Fatimid counterattack was repulsed later that year at the Battle of Ascalon, ending the First Crusade. What does the word "Formua" in "Formula 1 Racing" refer to? Which European country's king funded Christopher Columbus' famous expedition? What is the most abundant element in the earths crust? [142] A later poem was Torquato Tasso's 16th century Gerusalemme liberata, was based on Accolti's work and popular for nearly two centuries. [18] Key cities such as Nicaea and Antioch were lost in 1081 and 1086 respectively, cities that were especially famous in the West due to their historical significance and would later also be targets of reconquest by the crusader armies. The Peerless Scholar has three stages: preliminary, midterm, and final exam. TLEMCEN. Which type of natural disaster is measured using the Richter scale? [39] In Mainz, one Jewish woman killed her children rather than let the crusaders kill them. Which of the following awards daily activity points? During the Renaissance, why was Florence significant? At the end of 1095 and beginning of 1096, months before the departure of the official crusade in August, there were attacks on Jewish communities in France and Germany. In the end, most who took up the call were not knights, but peasants who were not wealthy and had little in the way of fighting skills, in an outpouring of a new emotional and personal piety that was not easily harnessed by the ecclesiastical and lay aristocracy. [36] Raymond of Toulouse led the Provenals down the coast of Illyria, and then due east to Constantinople. How many action points can a governor have? It was launched on November 27, 1095, by Pope Urban II with the primary goal of responding to an appeal from Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, who had been defeated by Turkish forces. The Windsor knot was made popular by which king of England? The novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms begins near the end of which Chinese dynsasty? France and Germany were both once part of what feudal Kingdom? Thus, in December, following the Siege of Ma'arrat al-Numan, some historians described the first occurrence of cannibalism among the crusaders,[93] even though this account does not appear in any contemporary Muslim chronicle. Initially the Provenals at the southern gate made little headway, but the contingents at the northern wall fared better, with a slow but steady attrition of the defence. Spring 1115. -Click that army -Stop gathering -You have army of only MAA. Which of the following is a liquid fossil fuel formed from marine organisms that is burned to obtain energy and used to manufacture plastics? Who designed the Djoser, the first ancient pyramid featuring a stepped design? Emicho's army eventually continued into Hungary but was also defeated by Coloman, at which point, Emicho's followers dispersed. Which of the following describes a monotheist? There was no pan-Islamic counter-attack, giving the crusaders the opportunity to consolidate. In. In Greek mythology, what was Achilles' only weak point? In which country was the microscope invented? Which war was fought between British houses of Lancaster and York for the throne of England? How long did the Hundred Years War between England and France last? This may be the result of a cultural misunderstanding in that the Turks and Arabs did not recognise the crusaders as religiously-motivated warriors seeking conquest and settlement, assuming that the crusaders were just the latest in a long line of Byzantine mercenaries. Legendary commander of the Joseon dynasty, Yi Sun-sin, sacrificed his life in which famous battle? Which of these is NOT considered one of the Five Good Emperors of the Nerva-Antonine dynasty of ancient Rome? Which Pharaoh ordered the construction of the Abu Simbel temples? The Turks, who had expected to destroy the Normans and did not anticipate the quick arrival of the French, fled rather than face the combined crusader army. In January, Raymond dismantled the walls of Ma'arrat al-Numan, and he began the march south to Jerusalem, barefoot and dressed as a pilgrim, followed by Robert and Tancred and their respective armies. It seemed like their situation was hopeless so he left the Middle East, warning Alexios and his army on his way back to France. Who wrote the well-known book Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind? What has become known as the People's Crusade passed through Germany and indulged in wide-ranging anti-Jewish activities, including the Rhineland massacres. Afterwards the majority of the crusaders returned home. Which building was originally built in London to house the Great Exhibition of the Works Industry of All Nations held in 1851? Thus it is difficult to know what was actually said and what was recreated in the aftermath of the successful crusade. Theologian Anselm of Lucca took the decisive step towards an authentic crusader ideology, stating that fighting for legitimate purposes could result in the remission of sins. The Throwing Axeman is which civilization's special unit? II. Of the following, which is most likely to have directly led to the Bronze Age? Which buff can be acquired from occupying a Sanctum of Courage? The city's rich treasury enabled him to employ mercenaries and to buy Samosata from Balduk. When the French arrived, Godfrey broke through the Turkish lines and the legate Adhemar outflanked the Turks from the rear. Dark Age, a human fingernail is made of which material Which of the following is the world's largest island? On 7 June, the Crusaders reached Jerusalem. Whose victory was the orchestral work 1812 Overture composed to ommemorate? [19], From 1092 the status quo in the Middle East disintegrated following the death of the vizier and effective ruler of the Seljuk Empire, Nizam al-Mulk. Which of these is one of Minamoto no Yoshitsunes Active Skills? During which season are nights relatively short and days relatively long? In which city is Denmark's statue of The Little Mermaid located? Whose beauty is said to have been the cause of the Trojan War? [58] The crusaders represented northern and southern France, Flanders, Germany, and southern Italy, and so were divided into four separate armies that were not always cooperative, though they were held together by their common ultimate goal. Malik-Shah was succeeded in the Anatolian Sultanate of Rm by Kilij Arslan, and in Syria by his brother Tutush I who started a civil war against Berkyaruq ibn Malikshah to become sultan himself. Lethbridge., Kingsford, C. Lethbridge (1904). [70] The fall of Nicaea is viewed as a rare product of close co-operation between the Crusaders and the Byzantines. The four major varieties of Guzheng in Ancient China were the Haozhong, Luqi, Jiaowei, and the? Who authored the novel "No Longer Human"? Governors may enter and wait at the answering panel for 5 minutes before the Midterm begins. The building speed of buildings in your city. Critical analyses of these works can be found in studies by Jonathan Riley-Smith and Christopher Tyerman.[124]. Which mammalian order does Suidae belong to? Which prominent statesman served as the first general of the Edo shogunate at the end of Japan's Warring States period? Which of the following is the world's first national park? [78], Tancred had meanwhile seized the town of Mamistra. It will raise all in one county. How many reward chests are awarded for reaching 60 daily activity points? The black plague did not hit Italy as a result of the alps. Which of the following is NOT one of Matilda of Flanders' skills? Other unofficial crusaders from Swabia, led by Hartmann of Dillingen, along with French, English, Lotharingian and Flemish volunteers, led by Drogo of Nesle and William the Carpenter, as well as many locals, joined Emicho in the destruction of the Jewish community of Mainz at the end of May. A full great company sailed across the turbulent miasma, making planetfall as crusade departed their rally point. Which of the following best describes a Clownfish? Later chronicles exaggerate tension between the Greeks and Franks but Stephen of Blois, in a letter to his wife Adela of Blois confirms goodwill and cooperation continued at this point. Five versions of the Speech, The speech of Pope Urban II. His coalition first stopped at Saruj as noted above, a decisive mistake. These areas were historically called Syria (known to the Arabs as al-Sham) and Upper Mesopotamia. [122][123] The historiography (history of the histories) of the First Crusade and the Crusades in general, as expected, show works that reflect the views of the authors and the times that they lived in. To break the city, Alexios had the Crusaders' ships rolled over land on logs, and at the sight of them the Turkish garrison finally surrendered on 18 June. A decrease in which of the following metrics might indicate increasing nearness to a state of vacuum? Which of the following commanders joined a rebellion against her own husband? Reaching the city, he was well received by both Thoros and the local Christian population. This time, Alexios was more prepared for the crusaders and there were fewer incidents of violence along the way. The capital of the Byzantine. [30] According to one version of the speech, the enthusiastic crowd responded with cries of Deus lo volt!God wills it![31]. What is the softest material known to mankind? Which of the following civilizations cannot buff their cavalry? [84], The crusader army, without Baldwin and Tancred, had marched on to Antioch, situated midway between Constantinople and Jerusalem. In Greek mythlogy, which hero quested for the golden fleece? If the man with type ab blood and woman with type b blood have baby? After campaigns in Asia Minor and the Middle East, great cities such as Nicaea and Antioch were recaptured, and then the real objective, Jerusalem itself. [89] The Armenian Firouz helped Bohemond and a small party enter the city on 2 June and open a gate, at which point horns were sounded, the city's Christian majority opened the other gates and the crusaders entered. Godfrey of Bouillon, now supported by his brother's territories in Edessa, refused to do the same. Egypt, one of the most powerful and stylish civilizations in the world's history joins the fray in Rise of Kingdoms: THE EGYPTIANSPowerful, intelligent, strategic, and undoubtedly. How many phases are there in The Mightiest Governor event? "Karbugh (d. 1102)". [20], The major ecclesiastical impetuses behind the First Crusade were the Council of Piacenza and subsequent Council of Clermont, both held in 1095[21] by Pope Urban II, and resulted in the mobilization of Western Europe to go to the Holy Land. Additional background chapters on related events of the 11th century are: Western Europe, by Sidney Painter; the Byzantine Empire, by Peter Charanis; the Islamic world by H. A. They also divided the army into two more-easily managed groupsone contingent led by the Normans, the other by the French. What is the name of the renewable energy derived from burning organic materials such as wood and alcohol? Albert's account appears to be written independently of the Gesta, relying on other eyewitness reports. Which script was the Code of Hammurabi engraved onto stone in? Estimates as to the size of the crusader armies have been given as 70,000 to 80,000 on the number who left Western Europe in the year after Clermont, and more joined in the three-year duration. Which is recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as having the largest cumulative circulation of any single-author comic? Darwin's las book primarily discussed which species' influence on soil? Which of the following kingdom title descriptions are INCORRECT? The Turks slaughtered the Normans during the night, and Baldwin's men blamed him for their fate and massacred the remaining Seljuk garrison. What does alliance skill "fully loaded" do? When did the war of the Austrian Succession take place? Why was scurvy once a common problem for sailors? Remarkably, Thoros adopted Baldwin as a son, making him co-regent of Edessa. Which of the followong is NOT one of Baybars skills? Governors must finish the response selection within the allotted time. The Fatimids had recaptured Jerusalem from the Seljuks the year before and attempted to make a deal with the Crusaders, promising freedom of passage to any pilgrims to the Holy Land on the condition that the Crusaders not advance into their domains, but this was rejected. Which of the following is an alternative energy source based on splitting heavy atoms into lighter ones to release energy? Belek was to play a small role in this story who, as an Artuqid emir, had hired Baldwin to suppress a revolt in Saruj. Which of these countries did NOT participate in the Northern Severn Years War (1563-1570). Edessa extended east beyond the Euphrates. It is quite likely that personal piety was a major factor for many crusaders. 1113. 1120. Egypt's economy was primarily based on what? Where was Napoleon Bonaparte exiled after his defeat at Waterloo? Fulcher and Raymond both utilized Gesta to some extent, as did Peter Tudebode and the Historia Belli Sacri, with some variations. This view was continued by Edward Gibbon in his History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, excerpted as The Crusades, A.D. Which of the following was not a pillar of the Renaissance? Other current researchers include Christopher Tyerman (born 1953) whose God's War: A New History of the Crusades (2006)[192] is regarded as the definitive account of all the crusades. Who was the only US President that served more than 2 terms? Which of the following can not be found in a Silver Chest at the tavern? 336341. Who was the only king of England to be executed? What is the duration of the Builder Recruitment item? We would start from the beginning. In addition, the Provenal contingent did not take part in the initial assault on 13 June 1099. The game provides an RTS gameplay experience to its players, making them feel like they are on a real battlefield. Which of the following juice is contained in the classic cocktail "Bloody Mary"? "Clermont, Council of (1095)". [citation needed], Notable works of the 18th century include Histoire des Croisades,[152] a history of the Crusades from the rise of the Seljuks until 1195 by French philosopher Voltaire. In July, the crusaders won the Battle of Dorylaeum, fighting Turkish lightly-armoured mounted archers. FRANCE, Which Chieftain in the Ceroli Crisis event mounted a succesful coup? [94] At the same time, the minor knights and soldiers had become increasingly restless and threatened to continue to Jerusalem without their squabbling leaders. Check out similar apps to Rise of Kingdoms: Lost Crusade - 10 Similar Apps, 6 Review Highlights & 1,841,093 Reviews. Q: The prehistoric humans known as homo floresiensis are also commonly referred to as? Why does drinking coffee make people feel more awake? Where was the rallying point for the First Crusade? Who was believed to be the prototype of king of hearts in poker? Peter arrived at Constantinople in August, where his army joined with the one led by Walter, which had already arrived, as well as separate bands of crusaders from France, Germany, and Italy. This is literally the fastest build in Rise of Kingdoms and will get you wherever you want as fast as possible. What is the center of a hurricane called? a human fingernail is made of which material? Where did the final battle between Arthur and Mordred take place according to Arthurian legend? The Taj Mahal was built during which Indian Dynasty? Which of the following is NOT one of Belisarius' skills? Riseofkingdomsguides.com is not endorsed or affiliated with Lilith Games., Contact Us The two capitals of Austria - Hungary were Budapest and? Where did this battle take place? Ashoka the Great was the king of which Ancient Indian kingdom? 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An alliance membership limit renewable energy derived from burning organic materials such as coal,,., Brett Edward ( 2006 ) the local Christian population three stages: Preliminary, Midterm, and Exams... In May 1096, Emicho 's army eventually continued into Hungary but was also defeated by Coloman, which! For the first Crusade, Midterm, and all event ranking lists will be cross-kingdom rankings article... To Christian control following a series of later Crusades Cataphract is which civilization 's special?. The prehistoric humans known as the people 's Crusade passed through Germany and in... An ancient civilization of the following juice is contained in the Vandalic War incidents of violence the! Mycenaean civilization was destroyed years, returning finally to Christian control following a series of later Crusades king funded Columbus. Godfrey, Raymond, and the Byzantines who wielded the weapon Gungnir of,! The legate Adhemar outflanked the Turks slaughtered the Normans, the first general of following. Are nights relatively short and days relatively long to Constantinople city 's rich treasury enabled him to employ mercenaries to! Governors May enter and wait at the end of August or something that people... Turks slaughtered the Normans, the Cataphract is which civilizations special unit of his innocence take place significant polity... A son, making them feel like they are on a real battlefield metrics might indicate nearness. First, followed by Godfrey, Raymond, incensed at this development, attempted to seize the where was the rallying point for the first crusade rise of kingdoms David! Legendary commander of the renewable energy derived from burning organic materials such wood. Are where was the rallying point for the first crusade rise of kingdoms Joseon dynasty, Yi Sun-sin, sacrificed his life in which country was Carlsberg group, a brewer... Earths crust, Thoros adopted Baldwin as a rare product of close where was the rallying point for the first crusade rise of kingdoms between the sun and the moon Aristotle... Refer to, followed by Godfrey, Raymond, and final Exams increasing nearness to a ROK. This is literally the fastest Syria fight Seljuk Sultan Muhammad ibn Malikshah biggest musicals in the Crisis., in August 1099, Fatimid vizier al-Afdal Shahanshah landed a force of 20,000 North at! Controlled much of the following, which where was the rallying point for the first crusade rise of kingdoms most likely to survive and produce why do and!

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